Saturday, December 11, 2010

Understanding Macro and Micro Economics economy

his article below is about understanding the macro economic and micro-economics, equipped also with the differences of each other.

Macro and Micro economics economy are the two main branches of the economy. Microeconomics is the branch that focuses on how individuals, households, and organizations make their decision to distribute limited resources, usually in the market who saw the trade in goods or services. Micro-economic study how these decisions affect the general supply and demand for commodities and services. As we know, the supply is one factor that determines the price, which in turn, determine the supply and demand for goods and services. Micro economics is also commonly referred to as the view "bottom-up economy" (bottom to top), or how people deal with money, time and resources available.

Micro economics focuses on supply and demand and other forces that determine price levels seen in the economy. For example, microeconomics would look at how a specific company could maximize production and capacity so that it can lower prices and better compete in its industry.

While macroeconomics is a branch of learning "total economic activity, dealing with problems of growth, inflation, unemployment, national economic policies that come from government initiatives (such as changes in tax rates, etc.). For example, macroeconomics would look at how the increase / decrease in net exports will affect the amount of foreign exchange, or how a nation's GDP will be affected by the unemployment rate.

It is quite clear that the management of large-scale global organization should always take both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects into consideration before they decide their management policies. Macroeconomic will pretty much depend on local governments which will vary from one country to another country and in some cases even one country to another. This is due to various forms of government and policies in different parts of the world. Then this will be the main focus areas for the smooth running of a global organization. Microeconomics on the other hand, depending on the particular behavior of people in various parts of the world. Therefore, for a global organization, it is important to conduct a thorough study of these two aspects to consider before implementing a policy area of management.

While both studies show the economy is seen as different, they are actually interdependent and complement each other. Because there are issues related between the two fields. For example, increased inflation (macro effect) would cause the price of raw materials to increase for the company and in turn affect the final product price charged to the public.

The bottom line is that microeconomics takes a bottom-up (bottom to top) to analyze the economy, while macroeconomics takes a top-down approach (top down). Whatever it is, both micro and macroeconomic fundamentals, both to manage any professional financial institution in order to understand how companies operate and earn income. Thus, the economy can be managed properly and sustainably.

Kamasutra Video


Kamasutra commonly known as sex techniques from ancient India, is already quite long in this earth. Approximately 100-400 years after Christ.

The main concept in the relationship kamasutra is dharma (relating to religion), artha (wealth), and kama (sexual satisfaction and also the love of the couple).
Kamasutra position is also quite diverse, it includes a touch sensitive area that can certainly stimulate your partner. Some activities at sensitive points also greatly affect the brain. To experience the highest satisfaction in sex, brain stimulation is a major part in accordance with the teachings of kamasutra.
Kamasutra
Zone of stimulation that can excite your partner with amazing is touching, kissing, or other stimulation in the area of the mouth, lips, cheeks, forehead, breast, and neck.

Variations in sex positions kamasutra techniques:
1. Yawning Position: the position of men and women leaned over to see the sky the sky (Yawning).
2. The position is wide open: Woman lifting his body that met with a man's body. Female foot wide open to make way for a man to penetrate into.
3. Wife of Lord Indra Position: This position provides a way for men to fully penetrate into.
4. Hook position
5. Pressing, twisting,
6. etc. ..

If you want more clear, here are the Indonesian kamasutra books you can read and learn the course. Download free here>>>

Of course, always make sure that you and your partner feel comfortable enough with all variations of sexual positions that you do. Both sides will feel pleased and puas.Jangan there who feel unhappy, or you can mungin mencederainya. Please experiment with taste and imagination, respectively.

Kamasutra video

Video Transcription:
    If you are interested in sex positions Kama Sutra and want to explore many different positions, one of the criteria you will want to follow is how effective position is for G-spot stimulation and ejaculation control.Generally, friction is better for women, but the friction is insufficient, especially for men who tend ejaculate fairly quickly.    Try this: Make a circle (number 0) with the thumb and forefinger on one hand, fingertips touching. Now take your index finger of your other hand and put your finger through the hole, straight. Notice that your index finger in without much friction. (This way is good enough for men who tend to ejaculate quickly.)
    Now, create the index finger in again, but the angle slightly pointing up the hand that already form the number "0" is. Feel the difference? The finger is creating a lot of friction now. What do you want to do when trying new positions is to maximize the angle that penetrated into the man to contact with the G-spot on a woman's vagina. Good practice with kamasutra.

Education papers, PAPER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION PAPER

Issues That Arose From Election 2005

set up by:

Name: Lana Prasaja

NIM: 03/169946/DPA/01631

Prodi / Fak. : Komsi / Science

FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY

GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2005

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Awareness of the importance of democracy today is very high. This can be seen from the role of the people of Indonesia in implementing the General Election either dilaksakan by central and local governments. This is evident from the number of voters who do not use their voting rights a bit. General elections are directly implemented for the first time directly elect the president and vice president and member of the MPR, DPR, DPD, DPRD in 2004. Although there are still problems that arise when the time of implementation. But still it can be said suses.

After successful elections in 2004, began in June 2005 then in 226 areas covering 11 provinces and 215 districts and cities, held elections to choose local leaders. So that citizens could determine the head of the region according to their own conscience. Unlike in the first year that uses a representative from the party. But in the implementation of this election appears deviation deviation. Starting from the problem of administration candidates related to the voter.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1. Definition and Legal Basis Election

The word democracy comes from the Greek demos meaning people and Kratos which means government. So that democracy can mean government of the people of the people, by the people, for the people. Governance authority to the people. All members of the public (eligible) participate in the life of the state in election activities. The implementation of democracy has been done from the first in many regions in Indonesia until Indonesia's independence until today. Democracy in Indonesia bersumberkan Pancasila and the Constitution of '45, so often called Pancasila democracy. Pancasila Democracy cored deliberation to reach a conclusion, with stems starting at the schools of kinship and mutual cooperation

Indonesia first in carrying out elections at the end of 1955 which was followed by many parties or individuals. And in 2004, has held direct elections to elect people's representatives and the president and his deputy. And now it began in June 2005 local elections have been held or called direct election. Election is a means of realization of popular sovereignty. There are five important considerations implementation of direct elections to the development of democracy in Indonesia.

1. Direct local elections is a response to the demands of the people's aspirations for the presidential and vice presidential, House of Representatives, even the village head had been carried out directly.

2. Direct local elections is a manifestation of the constitution and the 1945 Constitution. As mandated by Article 18 Paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution, the Governor, the Regent and Mayor, respectively as head of the provincial, district, and city elected democratically. This has been stipulated in Law No. 32 of 2005 regarding the Certification, Appointment, and Dismissal of Regional Head and Deputy Head of the Region.

3. Direct local elections as a means of learning democracy (politics) for people (civic education). He became a media learning democratic practices for the people who are expected to form a collective consciousness of all elements of the nation about the importance of choosing the right leader as his conscience.

4. Direct local elections as a means to strengthen local autonomy. The success of regional autonomy one of them is also determined by local leaders. The better the local leaders that result in a direct election, 2005, the commitment of local leaders in realizing the objectives of regional autonomy, among others, to improve the welfare of the community by always looking for the interests and aspirations can be realized.

5. Direct local elections are an important means for the regeneration of national leadership. Knowingly or not, very limited stock of national leadership. Of the total Indonesian population of more than 200 million, the number of national leaders that we have only a few. They are mostly the leaders of major political parties that won the 2004 elections. Therefore, hopes for the birth of a national leader instead of direct election.

2. Implementation and Diversion Election

Election is intended to elect the head of the region in 226 areas scattered in 11 provinces and 215 districts and cities. The people elect the head of each region are directly and according to each individual conscience. In this way the selected region is expected to head a popular choice area. In the execution of elections conducted by the Regional Electoral Commission, respectively. Election Commission carried out this task is very heavy which is set for the implementation of this election can be facilitated by democratic. Starting from the selection of prospective candidates, ballot preparation, to implementation of this election.

In practice there is always a problem occurs. Often found using a fake diploma by prospective candidates. This is very worrying at all. If the candidate can qualify as the area where the future because it has been led by people who are mentally corrupt. Because starting from scratch just been using the incorrect way. And also the cost to be a candidate who is not small, if not iklas want to lead the first act of which is to find ways how to make money to immediately kemali or "return on investment". This is very dangerous.

In the implementation of this election there are winners and there are losers. Often for the losing side can not accept his defeat with a roomy chest. So that he would mobilize masses to go to the local Election Commission. Cases that are still warm is burning one of the local election office in the island province of sumatra. This proves a very low level of political consciousness of society. So from the Election Commission prior to conducting elections, often by doing Pledge ready to win and ready to lose. Still, problems arise such problems.

Besides the issue of the prospective candidates, there are also problems arising from the local Election Commission. For example, in Jakarta, the Election Commission members convicted of corruption fund these elections. The fund was supposed to conduct implementation election was corrupted. This action is very worrying. From here we can see that the low mental officials. With their easy to exploit his position for his own pleasure. And perhaps also when the selection process of prospective candidates is also an event like this. For example, in order to pass the selection will have to pay tens of millions.

In the implementation of the election on the field much once discovered misappropriation misappropriation. Cheating is done by the prospective candidates such as:

1. Political Money

It seems the political money is always accompanied in every execution of the election. Taking advantage of the economic problem of society that tends to still low, then they can easily be manipulated with ease. Real example that is only within the author ie Karangwetan village, Tegaltirto, Berbah, Sleman, also occurs it is. That is one of the cadre of prospective candidates dividing the share of money on condition kapada society must choose a particular candidate. But it's with money can buy everything. With the low level of education a person then that person can easily be manipulated and arranged with ease just because of money.
So very rational at all if it is to become a candidate for head of the region should have a lot of money. Due to these costs, the cost was.
2. Intimidation
Intimidation is also very dangerous. For example in the area that is also the author of unscrupulous government officials to intimidate citizens vote for one candidate. It is very perverted at all of the rules of the election.
3. Introduction start campaign
This action most often occurs. Though already very clear rules that apply in the election. Several ways such as billboards, banners, leaflets. Often also for the prospective candidate who is head of the area was visited every related area. This visit is very high intensity when approaching the election. This is very opposite of when he was leading the first. In addition, local TV media are often used as a media campaign. Such is a prospect greeted tersbut vision and mission in the event of the campaign when the schedule has not yet begun.
4. Negative Campaign
This negative campaigning may arise due to lack of socialization of prospective candidates to the public. This is because most people still lack of importance of information. So they just "obedient" to the people around them who become role model. Negative campaigning can lead to the emergence of defamation that could damage the integrity of the area.
3. Solutions
In implementing something there must be constraints that must be faced. But how can we minimize the constraint constraints. Therefore we need public participation because it is not just the responsibility of government alone. To menggulangi problems that arise because of the election, among others:
1. All parties are both from the local to central, shared the same maintain order and the smooth implementation of this election. Prominent community leaders who are role models can be souri model for society. With this we can avoid conflict.

2. All citizens respect each other opinions. In a fair democracy if there is a difference of opinion. This is expected not to cause conflict. With the awareness to appreciate other people's opinions, then the implementation of the elections can proceed smoothly.

3. Socialization to the residents improved. With the socialization of society is expected to obtain accurate information. Thus avoiding the possibility of slander against another candidate.

4. Choosing with a conscience. In choosing the candidate we should vote with his own conscience without coercion from others. So the principles of the election can be facilitated by good.


CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Nations that learning is a nation that every time improvement. The Indonesian government has tried to fix the system that has been with the foundation to promote the interests of the people. Although the implementation of this election is still encountered various permasalhan but this is all fair because the new face of Indonesia was the first time after direct elections to choose a president and his deputy. This all can be used for political learning community. So that people can realize the importance of democracy, respect for opinions, togetherness in the face something. Good human would not make a mistake ever made. Hopefully for the next general election problems that arise can be minimized. So the buffer elections run smoothly.

REFERENCES

1. Abraham Panumbangan (Fisipol student in St. Louis). Still needs time. www.kr.co.id edition of Friday, July 15, 2005

2. Hasan Shadily, dkk.1973. General Encyclopedia. New York: Franklin Book Fund Foundation in Jakarta.

3. M. Ma'ruf (Minister of the Interior). Optimism face direct elections. www.kompas.com edition of Tuesday, February 22, 2005

4. Editors Compass. APBN-P 2005 Bantu Rp 464.9 billion. www.kompas.com edition Wednesday, March 30, 2005

5. Suardi Abubakar, et al. 2000. Pancasila and Citizenship Education 2 SMU.Jakarta: Yudhishthira.

Papers of education, Education in Indonesia

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning and the learning process so that learners are actively developing the potential for him to have the spiritual power of religion, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed themselves and society. Education involves teaching specific skills, and also something that can not be seen but the more profound the gift of knowledge, consideration and wisdom. One of the major basic education is to teach culture through the generations. 
Educational background
Level of education is a stage of education that is based on the level of development of the learner, goals to be achieved, and skills developed.
* Early childhood education
Early childhood education (ECD) is a development effort that is intended for children from birth until the age of six years conducted through the provision of educational stimulation to assist the growth and development of physical and mental readiness for the child have in entering further education.
* Primary education
Primary education is the education level early during the 9 (nine) the first year of school children that underlie secondary education level.
* Secondary education
Secondary education is the level of basic education, further education.
* Higher education
Higher education is education after secondary education which includes education program diploma, bachelor, master, doctoral, and specialists organized by the college.
Line education
Education course is the vehicle through which learners to develop self-potential in an educational process in accordance with the purpose of education.
* Formal education
Formal education is education held in schools in general. This educational path has a clear educational levels, ranging from elementary education, secondary education, to higher education.
* Non-formal education
Most numerous non-formal education at an early age, as well as basic education, is a landfill, or the Koran Educational Park, which is widely available in every mosque and Sunday School, which is found in all churches.
In addition, there are also a variety of courses, including music lessons, tutoring and so forth.
* Informal Education
Informal education is education, the environment shaped the family and independent learning activities.
Type of education
This type of education is the group that is based on the specifics of the goal of education is a unit of education.
* Public education
Public education is the primary and secondary education which prioritizes the expansion of knowledge required by learners to continue their education to pursue higher degrees. Shape: Elementary School (SD), Junior Secondary School (SMP), and High School (SMA).
* Vocational education
Vocational education is secondary education that prepares students primarily for work in specific areas. Education unit form is a Vocational School (SMK).
* Academic Education
Academic education is higher education undergraduate and graduate programs that are directed primarily on the acquisition of specific scientific disciplines.
* Education profession
Professional education is higher education after an undergraduate program that prepares students to enter a profession or become a professional.
* Vocational education
Vocational education is higher education that prepares students to have jobs with specific expertise applied in a maximal level 4 diploma equivalent to degree programs (stratum 1).
* Religious Education
Religious education is a primary, secondary, and higher which prepares learners to be able to perform a role that demands mastery of knowledge about religious teachings and / or become a theologian.
* Special Education
Special Education is to provide education for learners with disabilities or students who have extraordinary intelligence which was held in an inclusive (join regular schools) or a special education unit at the level of primary and secondary education (in the form of Special School / SLB).
Philosophy of education
Education usually begins when a baby is born and lasts a lifetime.
Education could have started from before the baby is born as practiced by many people by playing music and reading to babies in the womb in the hope he will be able to (teach) their baby before birth.
Many other people, the experience of everyday life more meaningful than formal education. As Mark Twain said, "I never let school interfere with my education."
Family members have a teaching role that is very deep - often more profound than they realize - though family teaching running unofficially.
Quality education
There are two factors that affect the quality of education - especially in Indonesia - namely:
Internal factors, including the ranks of the world's best education that the Ministry of National Education, regional education office, and also schools that are at the forefront.
External factors, is the society in general.